Frequency components in a sound that are whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency. For example, if the fundamental is 100 Hz, the harmonics would be 200 Hz (2nd harmonic), 300 Hz (3rd harmonic), and so on. Harmonics shape the timbre of a sound, giving it its distinct character. A sound rich in harmonics, like a sawtooth wave, is bright and complex, while a sound with few or no harmonics, like a sine wave, is pure and smooth. In synthesis, controlling harmonics allows for precise sculpting of tones and textures.
Synonyms:
harmonic, harmonic partial
